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CHI-SQUARED STATISTIC
[Named by E.S. Pearson ()?]. This is a long-established TEST STATISTIC for measuring the extent to which a set of categorical outcomes depart from a hypothesised set of probabilities. It is calculated as a sum of terms over the available categories, where each term is of the form : ((O-E)^2)/E ; 'O' represents the observed frequency for the category and 'E' represents the corresponding expected frequency based upon multiplying the sample size by the hypothesised probability for the category being considered (therefore 'E' will generally not be an integer value). In situations where the number of categories is 2 an alternative procedure is to use an EXACT BINIOMIAL TEST. Also see : CHI-SQUARED DISTRIBUTION, MULTINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION, POISSON PROCESS.
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